Large -scale stationary applications of electric energy storage can be divided in three major functional categories:
- Power Quality. Stored energy, in these applications, is only applied for seconds or less, as needed, to assure continuity of quality power.
- Bridging Power. Stored energy, in these applications, is used for seconds to minutes to assure continuity of service when switching from one source of energy generation to another.
- Energy Management. Storage media, in these applications, is used to decouple the timing of generation and consumption of electric energy. A typical application is load leveling, which involves the charging of storage when energy cost is low and utilization as needed. This would also enable consumers to be grid-independent for many hours.
Although some storage technologies can function in all application ranges, most options would not be economical to be applied in all three functional categories.
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